week 8 science 2

 The big question addressed in lab, and a description of what you did.

We presented our presentations today, here are some notes from each presentation 

origin of the universe 

• big bang theory' 
• the universe is exapnding and has no center 
• stars formed 200 million years after  

Life cycle of Stars 

• stars are not the same size, giant, dwarf, super giant
• stars are constantly moving 
• stars are all diferent colors ( misconceptions is stars are only yellow)
• 7 stages 
• giant-gas clod
• protostar 
• T-tauri phase 
• main phase 
• red giant - temp cools down 
• elemental fusion 
• supernova/white dwarf 

Origin of the Earth 

• evidence that earth was formed before the Big Bang 
• formed slowly through many collisons 
• earths surface has changed over time 

Black Holes 

• light was dedected in black holes
• vary in sizes depedning on mass 
• radiation escapes black holes 
• so dense gravity lays below 
• huge concenstration of matter
• stealer, intermediate, supermassive 
• 10 times more massive than the sun 

Space Travel (past, present, future) 

• technology drives exploration 
• robotic and human explorers 
• development of a rocket in Nazi Germany WW2 
• SU launched Sputnik
• Russian become the first human in space 
• comets are leforovers that cnsist of sand, ice, and carbon dioxide 

QUESTION: 

If it is the winter Solstice in Iowa, how much sunlight is on the South Pole? 

- 24 hours 

tilted away or towards the sun, draw picture 

If you are standing on the equator during the winter soltice for Iowa, what direction does your shadow point? 

- shadow points north 

What time of day should you go outside to see the lunar eclipse? 

- earths shadow goes over the moon, middle of the night 

If the sun and moon are both the same horizon, what phase is that moon? 

- new moon 

A description of what you learned in Thursday's lecture

In lecture we went over the 5 topics we learned about in our presentations from lab.

Big bang Theory

• 13.7 billion years ago there was nothing and nowhere 

• Subatomic particle inflated to unimaginably huge size in a fraction of a second 

• Expansion not explosion 

• Time and space were created 

• Lots of alternative theories 

Life Cycle of Stars 

• Light didn't happen until 300,000 years after the big bang 

• Stars and galaxies began to form about 12.7 billion years ago 

• Our star (SUN) formed from a stellar nebula (dust and debris) most likely from a star that underwent a supernova 

• Ours is 4.65 billion years old and is about half-way through its full supply 

• Sun can only make elements up to 26 - iron 

• Nuclear fusion 

• Red giants burn fuel and lose mass, therefore increasing size, in billions of years sun will engulf the 4 inner planets 

• Sun is holding everything together with gravity 

• When a sun blows up -supernova strong enough to fuse everything bigger than iron 

• Loose mass = gets bigger more gas 

Galaxies

• Spiral, elliptical, irregular 

• We live in the Milky way 

• Each galaxy contains over 200 billion stars 

• 2 trillion galaxies 

• Super massive black hole in the center of most galaxies- provides gravitational pull that holds it all together 

• NO end to the questions students will ask, basic understanding is key 

Origin of Earth

• Created 4.65 billion years ago- NOT IN THE BIG BANG

• Dust and debris - most likely from a former star that exploded 

• Disk like creation where sun gobbled up 99.84% of all mass

• You are STARdust 

• Plane of the ecliptic created plants 

• All planets and asteroid belt in the same plane 

• Related to the disk 

• Inner planets near sun composed of more dense matter, rocky, less gas, (helium/hydrogen) 

• Formation of the Univserse 13.73 billion years 

• Formation of earth 4.65 billion years ago 

• Our sun is a middle to small size sun and will last around 10 billion years 

Was the star that exploded bigger or smaller than our sun? (two different ways to answer) 5

Bigger, exploded and got less, our sun can make iron and less

Black Holes 

• Super dense 

• Nothing, including light, can escape 

• Center of galaxies 

Space Travel

1. 957 Russia successfully launches a satellite.

2. 1961 Yuri Gagarin Orbits earth (April)

3. 1961 Alan Shepard into space (May) no orbit

4. 1968 Apollo Missions orbit moon 

5. 1969 Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin land

6. December 1972 last time on the moon

Future: 

• Return to the moon in 2019 

• Water on the moon, allowing for a base to be constructed 

• Mars 2030

• New capsule and launch system 2018

• Crew on international space station eating space grown crops 

• Psychological testing occurring (500 day mission) 

First quarter

Answer questions about the weekly textbook reading:

What did you learn?

I learned more in depth about the Sputnik and the space race. I did not know that the Soviet Union was the first group to send something into space, I was always under the impression that the United States did it first. I also learned about women in space, I watched some parts of the movie Hidden Figures, so it was interesting to learn more about female roles in space exploration. 

What was most helpful?

It was helpful to view the upper elementary standards for earth and the solar system becuase I feel like mostly the focus is on lower grades. It is apparent that the crosscutting concept is patterns. 

What do you need more information on?

more information on how to explore the more complex ideas with students would be helpful. 

What questions/concerns/comments do you have?

When did NASA become an organization?